TRANSNATIONAL LEGAL PROBLEMS MATERIALS AND TEXT FOURTH EDITIONPDF电子书下载

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PART ONE.TRANSNATIONAL PROBLEMS WITHIN NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEMS 3

Chapter Ⅰ.How a National Legal System Treats Aliens and Their Activities 3

A.Links of Individuals to Political Communities 3

B.Immigration and Deportation 14

C.Protection of the Alien Under National Law 44

D.Access of Aliens to Economic Activities 50

1.Restrictions in the United States 51

2.Regulation of Foreign Investment in Some Foreign Countries 74

Chapter Ⅱ.Distribution of National Powers to Deal With Transna-tional Problems 85

A.Distribution of Powers Within the Federal Government 86

1.Powers of the Executive， Congress and the Courts 89

2.War Powers： The Reach and Control of Executive Power 132

B.Foreign Affairs and Federalism 147

PART TWO.INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEMS 159

Chapter Ⅲ.Distinctive Characteristics of the International Le-gal Process 159

A.Comparisons With Conceptions of Law and Legal Process in Na-tional Systems 159

B.International Tribunals 168

C.Protection by States of Their Nationals 186

1.Protection of Individuals 187

2.Protection of Corporations 204

3.Exhaustion of Local Remedies 225

D.The Processes By Which International Law Develops 231

1.The Role of Custom 232

2.The Role of Treaties 270

3.The Role of International Organizations 298

E.Conflict with National Law： The Concept of Domestic Jurisdiction 307

F.Contemporary Perspectives on International Law 314

Chapter Ⅳ International Human Rights and the Protection of Property： Two Illustrations of the International Legal Process 337

A.Background Ideas 337

B.Protection of the Person： International Human Rights 340

1.Basic Conventions and Norms 341

2.The Challenge of Cultural Relativism 366

3.Intergovernmental Human Rights Organs 391

4.Regional Human Rights Institutions 402

5.The Roles of Nongovernmental Organizations 439

C.Expropriation of Alien-Owned Property 446

1.The Consensus and the Challenge 451

2.Settlement of Some Post-War Disputes： Substance and Tech-niques 472

3.Efforts to Develop a New Consensus 479

4.Efforts to Develop New Techniques to Enforce Standards or Settle Disputes 496

D.The Calvo Clause 506

Chapter Ⅴ Interpenetration of National and International Law：General Themes 514

A.Customary International Law Before National Courts 514

B.International Agreements and National Law 532

1.The Constitutional Status of the Treaty 534

2.Self-Executing Treaties 553

3.Executive Agreements 561

4.Congressional-Executive Tensions Over International Agree-ments 575

5.Treaty Interpretation by National Courts 580

C.Some Foreign Comparisons 590

D.National Legislation Based on Reciprocity 595

E.Human Rights Issues in the United States 603

1.International Human Rights in U.S.Courts 603

2.Ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Politi-cal Rights 623

3.Conditioning Aid or Trade on Compliance With Human Rights Standards 638

PART THREE.THE ROLE OF NATIONAL JUDICIARIES IN BUILDING A TRANSNATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEM 669

Chapter Ⅵ.Courts in a Transnational Setting： Jurisdiction and Foreign Judgments 669

A.Introductory Concepts 669

B.Transnational Aspects of Adjudicatory Jurisdiction 689

1.Adjudicatory Jurisdiction in the United States 691

2.Adjudicatory Jurisdiction in Some European Countries 705

C.Enforcement of Foreign-Country Judgments 712

1.Enforcement in the United States 713

2.Enforcement in France 730

3.Enforcement in Germany 737

4.Cooperative Arrangements Through Treaties 740

Chapter Ⅶ.Local Courts and Foreign Sovereignty： Jurisdic-tional Immunities， the Act of State Doctrine and Human Rights Litigation 753

A.Immunity of Foreign Sovereigns From the Jurisdiction of Local Courts 753

B.The Act of State Doctrine 780

PART FOUR.THE TRANSNATIONAL REACH OF NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEMS 821

Chapter Ⅷ.The Transnational Reach of Criminal Legislation 821

A.The General Principles and Some Illustrations 823

B.International Cooperation in Controlling Criminal Conduct 860

C.An International Law of Crimes： From Nuremberg to the Present 875

Chapter Ⅸ.The Transnational Reach of Economic Regulation 885

A.Introductory Notions： The Relevance of Choice-of-Law Princi-ples and Methodology 888

B.Welfare Legislation for Seamen 897

C.Antitrust Regulation 921

1.Problems in Determining the Reach of the Antitrust Laws 922

2.Problems in the Enforcement Abroad of Antitrust Decrees of American Courts 960

D.Export Controls 983

PART FIVE.THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 996

Chapter Ⅹ.International Organizations： an Overview 996

A.Introduction 996

B.External Relations 1001

C.The Internal Structure of International Organizations 1014

D.Powers and Functions of International Organizations 1037

Chapter ⅩⅠ.The United Nations： The Control of Armed Conflict 1042

A.The Prohibition of Violence 1042

B.Episodes in the Use of Armed Force 1054

C.Peace-Keeping Activity of the UN 1067

Chapter ⅩⅡ.The European Community （Common Market） 1082

A.Conspectus of the EC Treaty 1083

B.Constitutional Issues and the Role of the Court of Justice 1107

1.Direct Applicability of Community Law 1109

2.The Use of Article 177 by National Courts 1121

3.Conflicts Between Community Law and National Constitutions 1135

4.Practice Under Articles 169 and 173 1157

Index 1173

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