CONTRACTS OF CARRIAGE BY AIRPDF电子书下载

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PART ONE:INTRODUCTION 3

CHAPTER ONE:A.THE SCHEME OF LIABILITY 3

1.The Warsaw Convention 3

1.1 Personal injury and death 3

1.2 Registered baggage 3

1.3 Unregistered baggage 4

1.4 Cargo 4

1.5 Delay to passengers,registered baggage and cargo 4

2.The Montreal Convention 4

2.1 Personal injury and death 4

2.2 Registered baggage 4

2.3 Unregistered baggage 5

2.4 Cargo 5

2.5 Delay to passengers,registered baggage and cargo 5

CHAPTER TWO:B.SCOPE AND APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTIONS 7

1.The Conventions and the Contract:the Conflict of Laws 7

2.Exclusivity 7

3.Beyond the Contract of Carriage 10

3.1 Carriage 10

3.2 Carriers 10

CHAPTER THREE:C.HISTORY:FROM WARSAW TO MONTREAL 13

1.The Warsaw "System" 13

1.1 Different limits on liability 14

2.Reasons for Reform 15

2.1 Harmonisation 15

2.2 Reallocation of risk 15

2.3 The interests of carriers 16

3.The Montreal Regime 17

3.1 Limits 17

3.2 Streamlining 18

CHAPTER FOUR:D.RULES OF INTERPRETATION 19

1.Broad Principles of General Acceptance 19

2.Article 31 of the Vienna Convention 19

3.Ordinary Meaning:in English and in French-and in Isolation 20

4.Ordinary Meaning in Context 21

5.Good Faith 22

6.Object and Purpose 23

7.The Object and Purpose of the Conventions on Carriage by Air 24

8.Supplementary Means of Interpretation 25

8.1 Preparatory work:legislative history 25

8.2 Subsequent practice 26

8.3 Commentaries 26

8.4 Case law 27

8.5 Other conventions 28

9.Consideration of the French Text 29

PART TWO THE CONVENTIONS AND COMMENTARY 33

WARSAW CONVENTION AS AMENDED AT THE HAGUE,1955 AND BY PROTOCOL NO.4 OF MONTREAL,1975 33

Article 1.1:Scope of Application:Carriage 33

Comment 34

Notes 34

1.International Carriage 34

2.The Persons Carried 35

3.Baggage 36

4.Cargo 36

5.Aircraft 37

6.Reward 37

7.Transport Undertaking 38

8.The Principle of Restitution 39

Article 1.2:Scope of Application:International Carriage 39

Comment 39

Notes 40

1.International 40

2.Carriage 41

3.The Agreement of the Parties 41

4.High Contracting Parties 41

5.Agreed Stopping Place 41

Article 1.3:Scope of Application:Successive Carriage 42

Comment 42

Notes 42

1.Carriage to be Performed by 42

2.Carrier 43

3.Undivided Carriage 43

4.The Parties 43

5.Carriage within the Territory of the same State 43

Article 2:Carriage Performed by the State and Carriage of Postal Items 44

Comment 45

Notes 45

1.Relationship with State Postal Administration 45

2.The Carriage of Postal Items 45

Article 3:The Passenger Ticket 46

Comment 47

Notes 47

1.Ticket 47

2.Delivery of the Ticket 49

3.The Indications Required 51

4.The Places of Destination and Departure 51

5.Stopping Places 51

6.The Hague Notice 52

7.Embarkation 53

Article 4:The Baggage Check 53

Comment 54

Notes 54

1.Registered Baggage 54

2.The Check 55

3.Stopping Places 58

4.The Notice 58

5.Prima Facie Evidence 58

6.Absence,Irregularity or Loss of the Check 58

Article 5:Documentation relating to Cargo 58

Comment 59

Note 59

1.The AWB 59

Article 6:Description of the Air Waybill 60

Comment 60

Notes 60

1.Making out the AWB 60

2.Three Original Parts 60

3.Signature 61

4.After the Cargo has been Accepted 61

5.The Consignor 61

Article 7:Documentation for Multiple Packages 61

Comment 62

Article 8:Contents of the Air Waybill or Cargo Receipt 62

Comment 62

Notes 63

1.The AWB contains 63

2.The Places of Departure and Destination 63

3.Agreement on Stopping Places 63

Article 9:Non-compliance with Documentary Requirements 64

Comment 64

Article 10:Responsibility for Particulars of Documentation 65

Comment 65

Notes 66

1.Statements relating to the Cargo 66

2.Damage 66

3.The Carrier's Liability to Third Parties 66

4.Causation 66

Article 11:Evidentiary Value of Documentation 66

Comment 66

Notes 68

1.Prima Facie Evidence 68

2.The Conditions Mentioned 68

3.Weight,Dimensions and Packing 69

4.Checking Cargo 69

5.Statements relating to Condition 69

6.Apparent Condition 70

Article 12:Right of Disposition of the Cargo 70

Comment 71

Notes 73

1.Subject to Obligations 73

2.A Person other than the Consignee 73

3.Prejudice to the Others 73

4.Other Consignors 74

5.Expenses Occasioned 74

6.Impossibility 74

Article 13:Delivery of Cargo 75

Comment 75

Notes 76

1.Except when Disposed of 76

2.The Consignee Entitled to Delivery 76

3.Charges Due 76

4.Conditions of Carriage to be Complied with 76

5.Arrival Late 76

6.The Rights which Flow from the Contract of Carriage 77

Article 14:Enforcement of the Rights of the Consignor and Consignee 77

Comment 77

Article 15:Relations of the Consignor and the Consignee or Mutual Relations of Third Parties 78

Comment 78

Article 16:Formalities of Customs Police or Other Public Authorities 79

Comment 79

Note 79

1.Fault 79

Article 17:Liability of the Carrier in the Event of Death or Wounding 80

Comment 80

Notes 81

1.The Carrier 81

2.Liability 81

3.The Damage Sustained 81

4.Bodily Injury 83

5.Accident 91

6.Causation 97

7.Embarking or Disembarking 98

Article 18:Damage to Baggage and Cargo 104

Comment 106

Notes 108

1.The Carrier is Liable 108

2.Damage Sustained 110

3.Destruction 111

4.Loss 111

5.Damage in Context:Physical Damage 111

6.Registered Baggage 112

7.Cargo:Defined? 112

8.The Occurrence 113

9.Causation 113

10.Carriage by Air qua Air Carrier 113

11.Inherent Defect 114

12.Inherent Vice 114

13.Defective Packing 115

14.Act of War 115

15.In the Charge of the Carrier 115

16.Performance Outside an Airport 117

17.Transhipment 119

Article 19:Delay 119

Comment 119

Notes 120

1.Damage Occasioned 120

2.Delay 121

3.Non-Arrival at Destination 124

Article 20:All Necessary Measures 124

Comment 125

Notes 125

1.Servants or Agents 125

2.All Necessary Measures 127

3.Delay 132

Excursus:the Concept of All Necessary Measures 132

1.Force Majeure 132

2.Reasonable Care 133

3.Utmost Care 135

Article 21:Contributory Negligence or other Wrongful Act or Omission 136

Comment 136

Notes 137

1.Contributory Negligence 137

2.Person Suffering Damage 138

3.Own Law:Lex Fori Applies 138

4.Exoneration 138

5.Other Wrongful Act or Omission 138

Article 22.1:Compensation in Case of Death or Injury of Passengers 139

Comment 139

Notes 140

1.The Carrier 140

2.The Monetary Limit 140

3.Special Contracts 141

4.The Form of Special Contracts 141

Article 22.2:Limits of Liability in Relation to Delay,Baggage or Cargo 142

Comment 143

Notes 143

1.Registered Baggage 143

2.The Sum that can be Awarded 143

3.Special Declarations 144

4.Actual Payment Unnecessary 144

5.Declared Sums 144

6.The Weight of Baggage or Cargo 145

7.The Package or Packages Concerned 146

8.The Weight of Parts 146

9.Affecting the Value of other Packages 146

10.Francs 147

Article 22.4:Expenses of Litigation 147

Comment 148

Article 22.5:Conversion of Monetary Limits 148

Comment 149

Article 23:Invalidity of Contractual Provisions 150

Comment 150

Notes 151

1.Any Provision Tending to relieve the Carrier of Liability 151

2.The Application of Exclusions 151

3.Inherent Defect,Quality or Vice 151

Article 24:Basis of Claims 152

Comment 153

Notes 153

1.Actions for Damages 153

2.Action Founded Outside WSC 154

Article 25:Damage done Intentionally or Recklessly 156

Comment 157

Notes 159

1.The Liability Affected 159

2.Intent to Cause Damage 159

3.Recklessness 159

4.Knowledge that Damage will Probably Result 160

5.Probable Results 167

6.Result 168

7.Scope of Employment 169

Article 25A:Servants,Agents and the Aggregation of Claims 170

Comment 170

Article 26:Notice of Complaints 171

Comment 171

Notes 173

1.Baggage Received 173

2.Cargo 173

3.Complaints in Writing 173

4.Prima Facie Evidence 174

5.The Damage Complained of 174

6.The Person Entitled to Take Delivery 177

7.The Carrier:the Person Authorised to Receive Complaints 177

8.Forthwith 178

9.Days from the Date 178

10.Disposal 178

11.Notice in Writing Separate 178

12.Dispatch of Notice 179

13.No Action Shall Lie 179

14.Fraud 179

Article 27:Death of the Person Liable 180

Comment 180

Article 28:Jurisdiction 180

Comment 181

Notes 185

1.Ordinary Residence 185

2.The Principal Place of Business 187

3.Where the Contract has been Made 187

4.Destination 189

5.The Principal and Permanent Residence of the Passenger 190

6.The Territory from which the Carrier Operates Services 191

Article 29:Limitation of Actions 191

Comment 191

Notes 192

1.Rights to Damages 192

2.Extinguished 192

3.Actions Affected 193

4.Brought in a Competent Court 193

5.The Date of Arrival 193

6.The Destination 194

7.Carriage Stops 194

8.The Method of Calculating the Period 194

Article 30:Successive Carriage 195

Comment 196

Notes 197

1.Carriage to be Performed 197

2.The Performing Carrier 197

3.The Accident or Delay Occurs 198

4.The First Carrier 198

5.Assumption of Liability 198

6.The Last Carrier 198

7.The Consignee and Consignore:Exclusive Rights of Suit? 198

Article 30A:Rights of Recourse 201

Comment 201

Article 31:Combined Carriage 201

Comment 202

Article 32:Mandatory Application 202

Comment 203

Article 33:Residual Freedom of Contract 203

Comment 204

Article 34:Extraordinary Circumstances 204

Comment 204

Article 35:The Definition of Days 204

APPENDICES 209

Appendix 1:The Montreal Convention,1999 209

Appendix 2:Authentic French Text of the Warsaw Convention,1929 225

Appendix 3:Guadalajara Supplementary Convention,1961 235

Appendix 4:Table of Correspondence 239

Index 241

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