REFORMING THE LAW OF THE SEA TREATYPDF电子书下载
购买点数
13 点
出版社
INC
出版时间
1996
ISBN
标注页数
371 页
PDF页数
383 页
标签
Chapter One Minerals and National Power 1
Chapter Two Law of the Sea Treaty 7
Negotiation and U.S.Rejection 7
The Convention and U.S.Interests 8
Naval Power and Maritime Interests 8
Coastal State Interests 9
Protection of the Marine Environment 9
Marine Scientific Research 9
Dispute Settlement 10
U.S.Reviews and Rejects UNCLOS 10
How Did die Treaty Get This Way? 13
The Common Heritage of Mankind Principle 14
The Parallel System of Mining 14
Engo's Treachery 17
The Odyssey of the MIT Model 19
Who Has Ratified UNCLOS? 23
Chapter Three Fatal Flaws in the Seabed Mining Regime 27
The International Seabed Authority 28
Scope of the Authority 29
Objectives of the Authority 30
Organs of the Authority 31
The Assembly 31
The Council 31
Legal and Technical Commission 37
The Enterprise 37
Seabed Disputes Chamber 37
Revision of the Regime 38
Amendments 38
Rules and Regulations 39
Review Conference 40
Expansion of Authority Power 41
Access to Seabed Minerals 41
The System of Governance and Access 44
Different Systems of Access Under the Treaty 45
Prospecting 48
Approval of a Plan of Work 49
Production Limitations 55
Production Authorization 58
Commodity Arrangements 60
Compensation Schemes 61
Security of Tenure 61
Rights Under an Approved Plan of Work 61
Obligations and Limitations Under a Plan of Work 64
Reservation of Mine Sites 65
Financial Terms of Contracts 71
Operational Requirements 74
Institutional Decisions 77
Decisions of the Assembly 77
Decisions of the Council 78
Decisions Shared by the Assembly and the Council 78
Financial Control Over ISA 80
Financial Structure of the Authority/Enterprise System 80
The Enterprise 87
Financing the Enterprise 87
Control Over the Enterprise 89
Chapter Four 1994 Treaty Modifications 93
DoD and the Navy Support the Treaty 96
Freedom of Navigation Program 97
Superficial Changes Are Inadequate 101
Adherence to the Agreement and the Convention 102
Adherence to the Agreement:Provisions 103
Gains and Losses for the U.S.from UNCLOS 104
Chapter Five U.S.and World Supplies of Manganese,Copper,Nickel and Cobalt 107
Defining Strategic Materials and Dependence 109
Projecting Demand for Strategic Materials 110
Manganese 112
Copper 116
Nickel 119
Cobalt 122
Other Uses for Manganese Nodules 126
Flue Gas Desulfurization 126
Additional Economic Possibilities 126
Chapter Six Resource Wealth of Deep Seabed Areas 129
Resource Shortages and National Responses 129
Nodule Distribution in the Pacific Ocean 136
Mineral Resources and Reserves 142
Manganese Nodule Research and Development 143
Origins of Ocean Mining 144
Nodule Mining Technology 150
Metallurgical Processing 152
Chapter Seven Effect of Nodule Exploitation on Current and Future Markets 155
Projected Constituent Metal Demand 156
Metal Content and Values of Nodule Types 157
Nickel Yield 157
Cobalt Yield 158
Effects of Deep Seabed Mining on Developing Country Mineral Producers 168
Chapter Eight Critical Technologies at Risk 173
Mapping and Bathymetric Issues 174
Deep Water Systems 175
Reflection and Refraction Seismology 180
Magnetic Methods 180
Optical Imaging 180
Remotely Operated Vehicles 182
Submersible Vehicles 185
Strategic Uses 187
Fiber Optics 189
Deep Salvage Technology 191
Military Acoustic Systems 193
Foreign Technology Assessment 194
Active Acoustic Systems 199
Critical Elements 200
Security Classification of Bathymetric and Geophysical Data 204
Earlier Reviews of Data Classification 206
Undersea Robots and Manipulators 206
Chapter Nine UNCLOS Military Commitments? 211
Enforce Maritime Agreements 212
Chapter Ten Conclusions 217
Dangerous Precedents 217
Treaty Status-Overstated Claims 221
Council Membership 221
No Guaranteed U.S.Seat 221
Rules 222
Rotation of Membership 222
North/South Mistrust 222
U.S.Ingratiation and Deception 224
Ratifications 226
Options for the U.S.Senate 227
Bottom Line 230
Contracting Out U.S.Foreign Policy 232
Appendix Ⅰ UNCLOS Chronology 235
Appendix Ⅱ UNCLOS and "Agreement" Signatories 243
Appendix Ⅲ U.S.Seabed Mining Licensees 255
Appendix Ⅳ ISA's First Session 259
Appendix Ⅴ UNCLOS History 267
Appendix Ⅵ Views of U.S.Ocean Miners 273
Appendix Ⅶ UNCLOS Ⅲ-Part XI 285
Appendix Ⅷ 1994 "Agreement" 331
References 359
Index 367
About the Author 371
