The Shipbrokers’Manual Volume 1PDF电子书下载

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CHAPTER 1.AN EXAMINER'S VIEW OF CANDIDATES 1

CHAPTER 2.SALE OF GOODS 4

-Conditions 5

-Warranties 5

-The doctrine of "caveat emptor" 6

-Terms of a contract 6

-Express terms 6

-Implied terms 6

-By example 7

-Contracts for the sale of goods 7

-Property 7

-Goods 7

-Pice 7

-Performance of the contract 8

-Acceptance by the buyer 9

-Rights of the buyer 9

-In the event of non-delivery 9

-For breach of condition 9

-For breach of warranty 10

-Delivery to a carrier 10

-Delivery of wrong quantities 10

-General Rules 10

-Rights of seller 10

-Rights of an unpaid seller against the goods 11

-Unpaid seller 11

-Property which has not passed to buyer 11

-Property which has passed to buyer 11

-Lien 12

-A lien is lost when 12

-The seller may exercise a lien 12

-Stoppage in transit 12

-How stoppage in transit is effected 13

-Transit ceases when 13

-When does the "property" pass? 14

-Terms of sale 15

-incoterms 15

-C.I.F.(cost, insurance, freight) 16

-Ex works 17

-F.A.S.(free alongside ship) 18

-F.O.B, (free on board) 19

CHAPTER 3.CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA ACT 1924.THE HAGUE RULES 21

-General features 22

-coasting trade 22

-Live animals 22

--Deck cargo 22

-Particular goods 22

--Voyages covered 23

--Seawortmness 23

--From loading to discharge 23

-Obligation to issue a bill of lading 23

-Obligations of the shipper 24

-General Average 24

--DEviation 24

--Limitation of liability 24

-Dangerous goods 25

-Notice of loss or damage 25

-Exemptions from liability 25

-Time limit for bringing suit 26

-Benefit of insurance clause 26

-Bulk cargoes 26

-RULES RELATING TO BILLS OF LADING 26

CHAPTER 4.CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA ACT 1971.THE HAGUE-V1SBY RULES 33

CHAPTER 5.THE BILLS OF LADING ACT 1855 36

CHAPTER 6.THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF GENERAL AVERAGE 39

-York-Antwerp Rules 39

-Principles of General Average 40

-Examples of General Average 41

-THE PRACTICE OF GENERAL AVERAGE 42

-General Average "Declaration" 42

-General Average security 43

--Average Bonds 43

-Underwriters'guarantees 43

--Cash deposits 48

-General Average adjustment and settlement 48

--Cargo values 48

-General Average settlement 49

-General Average (Vessels in Ballast) 49

CHAPTER 7.THE ROLE OF THE P.＆ I.CLUBS 50

-Crew members, etc 51

-Cargo 52

-Fines 52

-Contractual liabilities 52

Wreck removal 53

CHAPTER 8, DRY CARGO CHARTER-PARTIES 54

-Main types 54

-Time charter-party 54

-Voyage charter-party 54

-Demise charter-party 54

-Time charter-party (Specimen for discussion-"Baltime 1939") 55

-The Voyage charter-party (The Gencon) 60

CHAPTER 9.PASSENGER CONTRACTS 67

-The nature of the contract 67

-Original legal thinking on the passage contract 67

-How the law developed 67

-Continuing development 68

-The Hollingsworth case 68

-The Occupier's Liability Act 1957 68

-No common law warranty of seaworthiness 68

-Recent developments 68

(a) The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 68

(b) The Athens Convention 69

-Main intent and provisions of the Convention 69

CHAPTER 10.LIMITATION OF LIABILITY 70

- Original idea 70

-The Limitation Fund 74

-Interest rates 74

-The position where tug and tow seek to limit 74

CHAPTER 11.THE ROLE OF THE MASTER 77

-1.The Manager of a Commercial Enterprise 77

(i) Relationship between the master and crew 77

(ii) Port health and Customs 78

(iii) Contracts of affreightment 79

(iv) Marine Insurance and General Average 80

(V) Salvage 80

(vi)Pollution 81

-2.The Safety Officer 81

(i) Safety on board ship 81

(ii) Health and welfare 82

iii)Cargoes 83

(iv) Loading of ships 83

(v) Unseaworthy ship 84

(vi) Seamanship and navigation 84

-3.The Law Officer 84

-Prosecution 86

-Master's powers of arrest 86

CHAPTER 12.ADMIRALTY JURISDICTION 87

-Introductory 87

-Claims under the Supreme Court Act 1981, s.20(1) 87

-In personam jurisdiction 90

-In rem jurisdiction 94

-Liens, maritime and statutory 95

-Limitation of actions 97

-Limitation of liability 98

-Collision claims and the Both-to-BIame Clause 101

-Salvage 103

CHAPTER 13.OWNERSHIP AND REGISTRATION OF BRITISH SHIPS 105

-Registrable ships 105

-Nationality 106

-British-controlled foreign ships 108

-Foreign ships 108

-The mechanics of registration 108

-Alteration and termination of registration 110

-Owners, managing owners and the ship's husband 111

-Transfer, transmission and mortgage of ships 112

CHAPTER 14.INTRODUCTION TO MARITIME ARBITRATION 114

CHAPTER 15.THE SHIPOWNER AS EMPLOYER 121

-Introduction 121

-The seafarer's contract of employment 121

-Crew agreements and crew lists 122

-Discharge and discharge books 123

-Wages 123

-Repatriation 124

-Health, safety and welfare 124

-Manning and certification 127

-Discipline 128

-Industrial action and trade unions 131

-Discrimination 132

-Redundancy payments and unfair dismissal 134

CHAPTER 16.CONFLICT OF LAWS 137

-General 137

-Express choice of law 138

-Inferred choice of law: Arbitration clauses 139

-The objective proper law of the contract 139

-Proof of foreign law 140

-Judgments in foreign currency 140

CHAPTER 17.SEAWORTHINESS 141

-The function of seaworthiness in maritime law 141

-A general definition of seaworthiness 141

-Carriage of goods by sea 143

-Seaworthiness under a voyage charter-party 146

-Seaworthiness under a time charter-party 148

-Seaworthiness under a bill of lading 150

-Exceptions and limitations: The Hague Rules and the Hamburg Rules 150

-Seaworthiness in policies of marine insurance 152

-Seaworthiness in public maritime law 154

CHAPTER 18.DAMAGES IN SHIPPING CONTRACTS 155

-General rules 155

-Remoteness 155

-Mitigation 156

-Penalties, liquidated damages, demurrage and dispatch money 157

-Damages for failure to load 158

-Damages for failure to carry or to carry safely 159

-Limitation, limitation clauses and exemption clauses 160

INDEX 164

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