THE SOCIAL ECOLOGY OF CRIMEPDF电子书下载

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Chapter 1 Key Issues in the Social Ecology of Crime&James M. Byrne and Robert J. Sampson 1

Shaw and McKay Revisited 1

The Data Source Controversy 7

Is Theory Integration Necessa？ 9

The Problem of Contextual Fallacies 12

Conceptualization and Measurement Issues 13

The Use of Cross-Sectional Versus Longitudinal Designs 17

The Application of Social Ecology to Criminal-Justice Policy 19

Part Ⅰ Neighborhood Level Analyses of Crime， Victimization，and Fear 25

Chapter 2 Neighborhood Family Structure and the Risk of Personal Victimization&Robert J Sampson 25

Theoretical Framework 26

Data and Method 29

Findings 33

Discussion 45

Chapter 3 Fear and Its Relationship to Crime， Neighborhood Deterioration， and Informal Social Control&Stephanie W. Greenberg 47

The Data 49

Physical Deterioration， Perceived Disorder， and Fear 50

Relative Effects on Fear of Crime， Physical Deterioration，and Informal Social Control 51

Path Model of Neighborhood Characteristics， Crime and Control-Related Perceptions， and Fear 55

Summary and Conclusions 60

Chapter 4 Delinquency Rates as Sources of Ecological Change&Robert J. Bursik， Jr. 63

Introduction 63

Data and Initial Model Specification 65

Findings 70

Conclusions 73

Part Ⅱ Interurban Analyses of Violent and Property Crime 77

Chapter 5 Cities， Citizens， and Crime： The Ecological/Nonecological Debate Reconsidered&James M. Byrne 77

Introduction and Overview 77

Research Procedures 82

Findings 87

Conclusions 94

Implications 101

Chapter 6 Age， Sex， Race， and Arrest Trends for 12 of the Nation’s Largest Central Cities&Roland Chilton 102

Data and Method 104

Analysis 105

Discussion 112

Chapter 7 Urban Crime Rates： Effects of Inequality， Welfare Dependency， Region， and Race&Richard Rosenfeld 116

Data and Method 117

Strain， Relative Deprivation， and Crime 117

Control， Welfare Dependency， and Crime 119

Culture and Crime 122

Southern Violence 123

Race and Crime 124

Conclusions 127

Implications 129

Part Ⅲ The Impact of Ecological Factors on Decision Making and Policy in the Criminal Justice System 133

Chapter 8 Person-Environment Interactions in the Prediction of Recidivism&Stephen D. Gottfredson and Ralph B. Taylor 133

Introduction 133

Propositions Based on the Literature Reviewed 138

Methods 139

Measurement Issues 140

Analytic Strategy 143

Preliminary Findings 144

Summary and Limitations 152

Research Futures： An Interactionist Approach to Recidivism 153

Chapter 9 Firearms Ownership and Violent Crime：A Comparison of Illinois Countries&David J. Bordua 156

Introduction 156

Measurement 163

Bivariate Results： General Ownership 166

Bivariate Results： Ownership Types 169

Multivariate Results： The Firearms Variables in a Model of Violent Crime 172

Household Firearms 178

Some Considerations of Measurement 180

Deadliness and Percentage Use of Firearms 182

Summary and Conclusions 187

References 189

Author Index 209

Subject Index 215

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