MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL LAWPDF电子书下载

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PART 1.INTERNATIONAL OIL TRADE AND SHIPPING 3

Chapter 1 Environmental Regulation of Oil Trade and Shipping 3

A.Introduction 3

B.The Basis of International Regulation 3

C.International Law And Oil Pollution From Ships 6

1.OILPOL 7

2.MARPOL 73/78 8

3.LOSC 12

D.Assessment 17

E.Conclusion 20

Chapter 2 Implementation,Compliance and Enforcement 21

A.Introduction 21

B.Compliance and Enforcement:Conceptual Issues 22

C.Traditional Approaches to Compliance and Enforcement 24

1.Flag State Jurisdiction 24

a.Application of Flag State Jurisdiction 26

b.Problems With Flag State Jurisdiction 27

c.Nationality of Ships,Registration of Ships,and Flags of Convenience 28

i.Nationality of Ships 28

ii.Registration of Ships 29

iii.Flags of Convenience Practice 30

Ⅰ.Preliminary Matters 30

Ⅱ.Reasons for the Open Registry Practice 31

Ⅲ.Flags of Convenience and Environmental Issues 34

Ⅳ.Control of Open Registries 36

iv.Observations 39

2.Coastal State Jurisdiction 40

3.Port State Jurisdiction 42

a.International Legal Provisions on Port State Jurisdiction 42

b.Regional Port State Control Efforts 44

c.Assessments 48

D.Alternative Approach to Compliance and Enforcement 51

1.The Role of Oil and Shipping Companies 51

2.Changes in Multinational Corporate Behavior 53

3.Conclusion 62

Chapter 3 International Economic Cooperation 63

A.Introduction 63

B.International Relations 65

1.Realism 65

2.Regime Theory 71

C.Economic Issues 80

1.International Economic Cooperation 80

2.Fundraising and Management 89

a.User Fees 89

b.Funds Management 95

D.Conclusion 99

PART 2.OIL EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION 105

Chapter 4 Corporate Abuses and Regulation 105

A.Introduction 105

B.The Concept of Codes of Conduct 108

C.Content of Codes of Conduct 111

1.Internal Codes 111

2.External Codes 113

3.Government Initiatives 114

4.Inter-Governmental Codes 117

D.Critical Appraisal of Corporate Codes 121

1.Utility of Codes 121

2.Limits of Codes 127

E.Beyond Voluntary Codes of Conduct 136

1.Domestic Judicial Remedies 136

2.International Regulation 139

F.Conclusion 147

Chapter 5 United Nations and Corporate Control 149

A.Introduction 149

B.Recent International Trends on Corporate Control 150

1.UN Global Compact 150

2.UN Sub-Commission on Human Rights 153

C.National Courts and International Corporate Control 156

1.Home Country Litigation 157

2.Litigation Under the Alien Tort Claims Act 159

a.The Problem:Corporate Practices and Absence of Accountability 160

b.The Alien Tort Claims Act 164

3.Attraction,Implications and Limitations of International Civil Litigation 167

a.Attraction 167

i.Nigerian Law 169

Ⅰ.Petroleum Law 170

Ⅱ.Maritime Law 172

Ⅱ.Environmental Law 174

ii.American Legal System 180

b.Implications 183

c.Limitations 185

D.Conclusion 188

Chapter 6 International Legal Personality of the Multinational Corporation 189

A.Introduction 189

B.International Legal Personality 191

1.Theories of Legal Personality 192

2.Corporations and International Legal Personality 195

C.Need For an Enhanced Legal Status for MNCs 200

D.Proposals for Reform 204

E.Conclusion 208

Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommendations 209

Bibliography 217

Table of Cases 241

Table of Treaties ＆ International Instruments 243

Table of Domestic Statutes ＆ Instruments 245

Index 247

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