SALMOND ON JURISPRUDENCE TWELFTH EDTITONPDF电子书下载

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INTRODUCTION 1

1.The Nature and Value of Jurisprudence 1

BOOK Ⅰ THE NAT URE OF LAW AND THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE 9

1.THE NATURE OF LAW 9

2.The Purpose of Legal Theory 9

3.Law as the Dictate of Reason: Natural Law 15

4.Law as the Command of the Sovereign: Imperative Law 25

5.Law as the Practice of the Court: Legal Realism 35

6.Law as a System of Rules 43

7.International Law 54

8.The Authority of Law 57

9.The Function and Purpose of Law: Justice, Stability and Peaceful Change 60

10.Law and Fact 65

11.The Territorial Nature of Law 75

12.Constitutional Law 83

2.THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE 88

13.Necessity of the Administration of Justice 88

14.Civil and Criminal Justice 91

15.The Purpose of Criminal Justice: Punishment 94

16.Civil Justice； Primary and Sanctioning Rights 100

17.Secondary Functions of Courts of Law 104

BOOK Ⅱ THE SOURCES OF LAW 109

3.THE SOURCES OF LAW 109

18.Legal and Historical Sources 109

19.The Legal Sources of English Law 112

4.LEGISLATION 115

20.The Nature of Legislation 115

21.Supreme Legislation 116

22.Subordinate Legislation 122

23.Relation of Legislation to Other Sources 124

24.Codification 130

25.The Interpretation of Enacted Law 131

5.PRECEDENT 141

26.The Authority of Precedents 141

27.Circumstances Destroying or Weakening the Binding Force of Precedent 148

28.The Hierarchy of Authority 158

29.The Ratio Decidendi 174

30.Judicial Reasoning 183

6.CUSTOM 189

31.The Early Importance of Customary Law 189

32.Reasons for the Reception of Customary Law 190

33.Kinds of Custom 192

34.Conventional Custom 193

35.Local Custom 198

36.Custom and Prescription 203

37.The General Custom of the Realm 205

BOOK Ⅲ LEGAL CONCEPTS 215

7.LEGAL RIGHTS 215

38.Wrongs 215

39.Duties 216

40.Rights 217

41.The Characteristics of a Legal Right 221

42.Legal Rights in a Wider Sense of the Term 224

43.The Kinds of Legal Rights 233

8.OWNERSHIP 246

44.The Idea of Ownership 246

45.The Subject-Matter of Ownership 249

46.Sole Ownership and Co-Ownership 254

47.The Fragmentation of Ownership in respect of Time 255

48.Trust and Beneficial Ownership 256

49.Legal and Equitable Ownership 260

50.Vested and Contingent Ownership 262

9.POSSESSION 265

51.The Idea of Possession 265

52.Possession in Fact 270

53.Possession in Law 274

54.Immediate and Mediate Possession 282

55.Concurrent Possession 286

56.The Acquisition of Possession 287

57.The Continuance of Possession 289

58.Incorporeal Possession 290

59.Possession and Ownership 292

60.Possessory Remedies 294

10.PERSONS 298

61.The Nature of Personality 298

62.The Legal Status of the Lower Animals 299

63.The Legal Status of Dead Men 301

64.The Legal Status of Unborn Persons 303

65.Double Capacity and Double Personality 304

66.Legal Persons 305

67.Corporations 308

68.The Agents, Beneficiaries and Members of a Corporation 311

69.The Acts and Liabilities of a Corporation 313

70.The Uses and Purposes of Incorporation 316

71.The Creation and Extinction of Corporations 320

72.The State as a Corporation 321

73.Unincorporated Associations 325

74.Corporate Personality 328

11.TITLES 331

75.Vestitive Facts 331

76.Acts in the Law 333

77.Agreements 336

78.The Classes of Agreements 338

79.Void and Voidable Agreements 341

12.LIABILITY 349

80.The Nature and Kinds of Liability 349

81.The Theory of Remedial Liability 350

82.The Theory of Penal Liability 350

83.Acts 352

84.Two Classes of Wrongful Acts 355

85.Dam.num Sine Injuria 357

86.The Place and Time of an Act 358

87.Causation 360

88.Mens Rea 366

89.Intention 367

90.Motives 372

91.Malice 374

92.Relevance and Irrelevance of Motives 375

93.Exceptions to the Irrelevance of Motives 377

94.Jus Necessitatis 378

95.Negligence 380

96.The Duty of Care 382

97.The Standard of Care 383

98.Degrees in Negligence 385

99.The Subjective and Objective Theories of Negligence 389

100.Theory of Strict Liability 392

101.The Extent of Strict Liability 394

102.Mistake of Law 395

103.Mistake of Fact 397

104.Accident 398

105.Vicarious Responsibility 400

106.The Measure of Criminal Liability 404

107.The Measure of Civil Liability 409

13.THE LAW OF PROPERTY 411

108.The Meanings of the Term Property 411

109.Kinds of Property 413

110.The Ownership of Material Things 413

111.Movable and Immovable Property 416

112.Real and Personal Property 420

113.Rights in re propria in Immaterial Things 421

114.Leases 424

115.Servitudes 427

116.Securities 428

117.Modes of Acquisition: Possession 433

118.Prescription 435

119.Agreement 439

120.Inheritance 442

14.THE LAW OF OBLIGATIONS 446

121.The Nature of Obligations 446

122.Solidary Obligations 448

123.The Sources of Obligations 452

124.Obligations arising from Contracts 452

125.Obligations arising from Torts 453

126.Obligations arising from Quasi-Contracts 456

127.Innominate Obligations 460

15.THE LAW OF PROCEDURE 461

128.Substantive Law and the Law of Procedure 461

129.Evidence 464

130.The Valuation of Evidence 467

131.The Production of Evidence 471

Index 475

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