INTERROGATIONS CONFESSIONS AND ENTRPMENTPDF电子书下载

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CHAPTER 1: Exposing Coercive Influences in the Criminal Justice System: An Agenda for Legal Psychology in the Twenty-First Century&G. Daniel Lassiter and Jennifer J. Ratcliff 1

The New (and Hidden) Face of Coercion in Modern Criminal Justice Practices 2

Psychological Coercion and Its Role in America Jurisprudence: Scholarly Predecessors 3

Interrogations, Confessions, and Entrapment: Current State of Knowledge 4

References 7

CHAPTER 2: Questions&George R. Klare, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Psychology 9

Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Psychology Red Cross Interview (Interrogation) 10

Solitary Confinement 14

Military Interrogation 20

Political Interrogation 25

Answers 30

References 34

CHAPTER 3: The Third Degree and the Origins of Psychological Interrogation in the United States&Richard A. Leo 37

Introduction 37

The Third Degree 42

The Third Degree in American History 51

Turning Away from the Third Degree: The Origins of Modern Interrogation 56

The Evolution of Modern Police Interrogation: Creating Human Lie Detectors and Psychological Manipulators 60

Conclusion 78

References 81

CHAPTER 4: "You're Guilty, So Just Confess!" Cognitive and Behavioral Confirmation Biases in the Interrogation Room&Christian A. Meissrter and Satil M. Kassin 85

Interview-Based Judgments of Truth and Deception 88

Behavioral Confirmation in the Interrogation Room 94

Minimizing Cognitive and Behavioral Confirmation Processes 96

References 102

Chapter 5: The Police Interrogation of Children and Adolescents&Allison D. Redlich, Melissa Silverman, Julie Chen, and Hans Steiner 107

Contemporary Police Interrogation 108

Police Interrogation of Juveniles 109

Children's and Adolescents' Abilities in Forensic Interviews 114

Preliminary Study on Interrogation of Adolescents and Young Adults 117

Conclusions 122

References 123

Chapter 6: Tales From the Juvenile Confession Front: A Guide to How Standard Police Interrogation Tactics Can Produce Coerced and False Confessions from Juvenile Suspects&Steven A. Drizin and Beth A. Colgan 127

The Law 128

The Crimes 130

The Interrogations 132

The Aftermath 143

Recommendations 151

References 158

CHAPTER 7: Mental Retardation, Competency to Waive Miranda Rights, and False Confessions&Solomon M. Fulero and Caroline Everington 163

"Voluntary, Knowing, and Intelligent": The Legal Analysis of Waiver of Miranda Rights 164

Research on Defendants with Mental Retardation's Understanding of the Miranda Warning 165

Comprehension of Miranda Rights Tests 166

Review of the Literature 167

Characteristics of Persons with Mental Retardation That Increase Vulnerability 168

Research on Interrogative Suggestibility in Persons with Mental Retardation 170

Susceptibility to False Confessions in Interrogations 171

Comparisons with Juvenile Populations 172

Suggestions for Forensic Evaluations 173

Assessment of Understanding of Miranda 173

Measures of Intelligence, Linguistic Abilities, and Reading Skills 173

Using Information on Adaptive Skills 174

Interview Strategies 175

Implications for Policy and Practice in the Criminal Justice System 175

References 177

CHAPTER 8: Attempts to Improve the Police Interviewing of Suspects&Ray Bull and Becky Milne 181

The Situation Prior to Compulsory Audiotape Recording 182

What Audiotape Recording Revealed 183

A New Ethos and Training Program 185

Has the New Training Program Achieved Its Objectives? 188

The Views of the Interviewees 192

Supervision, Management, and a National Framework 193

References 195

CHAPTER 9: Bias and Accuracy in the Evaluation of Confession Evidence&G.Daniel Lassiter and Andreiv L. Geers 197

Confession Evidence and Its Evaluation 198

Presentation Format of Confession Evidence: The Growing Emphasis on Videotape 200

Evidence for a Biasing Effect of Camera Perspective on Evaluations of Videotaped Confessions 202

Does Videotaping Lead to More Accurate Evaluations of Confession Evidence? 208

Policy Implications of the Research on Videotaped Confessions 210

References 211

CHAPTER 10: The Psychology of Entrapment&Vanessa A. Edkins and Lawrence S. Wrightsman 215

Two Entrapment Cases with Different Outcomes 215

The Nature of Entrapment as a Defense 219

One Problem: Two Definitions of Entrapment 221

The Objective Definition of Entrapment 223

The Subjective Definition of Entrapment 223

A Second Problem: Punishment for Acts or for Dispositions? 224

Another Problem: Jurors' Reaction to the Entrapment Defense 225

Research on Entrapment 225

The Measurement of Attitudes 226

Determinants of Verdicts 231

Edkins' First Study 232

Edkins' Second Study 236

What Reforms Are Needed? 238

Just Who Should Be the Subject of a Sting Operation? 240

Seek to Clarify the Definitions of Entrapment and Jury Instructions 241

Include a Nullification Instruction to the Jurors 242

Diminish the Use of the Subjective Definition 242

References 244

CHAPTER 11: Expert Psychological Testimony on the Psychology of Interrogations and Confessions&Solomon M. Fulero 247

Crane v. Kentucky (1986) 247

The Frye, Rule 702, and Daubert Standards 251

California v. Page 251

The Significance of Page for Expert Testimony on Interrogations and Confessions 257

Recent Case Decisions Involving Expert Testimony on Interrogations and Confessions 257

Summary and Conclusions 261

References 262

Chapter 12: So What's a Concerned Psychologist to Do? Translating the Research on Interrogations, Confessions, and Entrapment into Policy&Vanessa A. Edkins and Lawrence S. Wrightsman 265

Affecting Change though a Consensus-Based "White" Paper 266

Affecting Change through the Individual Case 273

Affecting Change through Executive Branch Policy 276

Affecting Change through Education 277

Conclusion 278

References 279

Index 281

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