ARREST OF SHIPSPDF电子书下载

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ENGLAND'AND WALES 1

Historical summary 1

The maritime lien-what is it? 2

Who has a maritime lien-ranking for priority 2

A shiprepairer's lien 5

Lack of international consensus produces conflict of laws 5

Problems arising from jurisdictional conflict 5

Need for international uniformity 7

How may a maritime lien be extinguished by lapse of time? 7

Statutory rights “in rem” 9

Types of claim which give the claimant a right “in rem” 10

Time-barring of statutory rights “in rem” 12

A writ “in rem” and a warrant ofarrest contrasted 12

When do liens and statutory rights “in rem” respectively come into being? 13

Actions “in rem” distinguished from actions “in personam” 14

What is beneficial ownership? 15

The right to arrest an alternative ship 16

Is it possible to arrest the same ship twice? 19

What happens when there is a pre-existing contractual forum （or more convenient forum） different from the forum where arrest takes place? 21

Staying proceedings in favour of arbitration 23

What happens to security obtained as a result ofarrest action? 24

Relevance of s.26 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 27

Can “in rem” action be taken against more than one ship? 28

When has “in rem” action been effectively taken? 28

Sovereign immunity 32

Doctrine ofabsolute immunity 32

The Cristina case 32

Changing trends after the Second World War 32

Restricted immunity 33

The State Immunity Act 1978 34

“Mareva”jurisdiction 35

The Mareva injunction analysed 35

Origin ofjurisdiction 37

Mareva injunction clearly distinguished from lien or charge 38

Rights of third parties 38

Mareva injunction not right “in rem” 39

The Siskina case （House of Lords Ruling） 39

The effect ofs.25 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 40

Does it matter whether the defendant is based in or out of the jurisdiction? 40

Advantage of Mareva over arrest 41

“Ambulatory” effect 41

The Niedersachsen case- restatement of principles 42

How do you obtain a Mareva injunction? 44

Resuming the study of action “in rem”-what of bunkers on board? 45

The practicalities of arrest 47

THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY 51

A concerned owner and an unconcerned owner contrasted 51

German flag owners 52

Foreign flag owners-implementation of the 1952 Convention on Arrest 52

Shipowners' personal liability 53

Position where bunkers are supplied 53

New owners' liabilities for maritime claim unsatisfied under previous ownership 54

Duty of creditor to declare his motives for taking arrest action 54

Reciprocal arrangements 56

Practicalities of arrest 56

Provision of alternative security 57

Enforcement of arrest 58

Procedures when jurisdictionofarrest and jurisdiction “on the merits” are in conflict 58

Time limit 60

Judicial sale 61

Maritime liens 61

Possibility ofwrongful arrest 62

JAPAN 67

Introduction 67

（1） Provisional arrest 67

（2） Compulsory execution 67

（3） Public auction without a judgment 67

Maritime lien 68

Possessory lien 70

Mortgage 70

Types ofclaims 70

Evidence of existenceofa claim 71

（1） Provisional arrest 71

（2） Compulsory execution 71

（3） Public auction without ajudgment 71

Deposit to be put up by the arrestor 71

（1） Provisional arrest 71

（2） Compulsory execution 72

（3） Public auction without ajudgment 72

Counter-security 72

（1） Provisional arrest 72

（2） Compulsory execution 73

（3） Public auction without ajudgment 73

Authority 74

Form of application 74

Power of attorney 75

Enforcement of the order of arrest 75

Proceedings for maintaining an arrest 76

（1） Provisional arrest （2） Compulsory execution and （3） Public auction without a judgment 76

Appraisal 76

Sale 77

Proceeds of sale 77

Appeal proceedings 77

（1） Provisional arrest 77

（2） Compulsory evecutionand（3）Public auction without a judgment 78

International Conventions 78

Difference in treatment between Japanese and foreign ships 78

Time element 79

（1） Provisional arrest 79

（2） Compulsory execution and （3） Public auction without a judgment 79

Other particulars of interest 79

THE UNITED STATES 81

The United States court system 81

Arrest of vessels under United States law 83

Attachment of vessels under United States law 94

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