HUMANITY IN WARFAREPDF电子书下载

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Introduction Definitions and Connexions 1

1 The idea of the book 1

2 Why it is not about ‘just war’ 3

3 fus ad bellum and jus in bello 8

4 The jus in bello vindicated 1o 16

5 A word to the international lawyers 16

6 A word to the military 22

7 A word to my fellow-historians 27

Chapter Ⅰ The Later Enlightenment Consensus 31

1 The publicists 32

2 Variety within their consensus 38

3 Fundamentals concerning war and peace 41

4 Definitions of ‘enemy’ 53

5 The laws and customs of the professionals 59

6 The sparing of civilians 63

7 Sea war and the neutral 67

Chapter Ⅱ First Steps in Modern War： Revolutionary，National and Popular 75

1 The Revolution’s early preoccupation with legality and humanity 77

2 Nations in arms， first mode： France in and after 1793 84

3 Civilians in the way of war 89

4 Civilians as enemies 96

5 Neutrals in the way of war 100

6 Bombardment and destruction 108

7 Nations in arms， second mode： partisans and national resistance 112

8 Conventional armed forces in conventional operations 121

Chapter Ⅲ The Legislative Foundations， 1815-914：Conscience， Codes and Compromise 128

1 The cultural context 128

2 The protection of combatants 147

3 The principle of limitation and restraint 157

4 Reprisals and military necessity 166

5 Invasion， occupation and ‘the peaceful population’ 179

6 Resistance： the limits of lawfulness 190

7 The civilian as enemy： bombardment and destruction 200

Chapter Ⅳ The Trials of Total War 216

1 Soldiers and civilians 217

2 The civilian and land war： occupation and resistance 224

3 Sea war and the civilian 244

4 Aerial bombardment 262

Chapter Ⅴ The Law of War in a World of Co-existences 286

1 The post-war reconstruction， 1945-9 289

2 The world turned upside down 301

3 The Additional Protocols of 1977 315

Chronological Guide 331

Notes 333

Bibliography 376

Postscript to the Paperback Edition 389

Index 397

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