Structural concepts and systems for architects and engineersPDF电子书下载

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1 Introduction： Structure in Design of Architecture 3

SECTION 1 Overall Thinking 3

SECTION 2 The Architectural Design Process 6

SECTION 3 An Overall Approach to Structural Education 11

SECTION 4 Structure and Other Subsystems 13

SECTION 5 Summary 18

2 Schematic Building Forms as Total Structural Systems 21

SECTION 1 The Assumption of Integrity 21

SECTION 2 Estimating Overall Forces on Building Forms 27

SECTION 3 Aspect Ratios and Overturn Resistance 32

SECTION 4 Strength and Stiffness of Buildings 38

SECTION 5 Symmetry and Asymmetry in Building Forms 49

3 Overall Integrity and Major Subsystem Interaction 53

SECTION 1 The Hierarchy of Structural Action in Building Forms 53

SECTION 2 Building Forms Conceived as Solid Structures 57

SECTION 3 Building Forms Conceived as Space-Structures 71

SECTION 4 Space-Structures of Columns and Frames 80

4 Schematic Analysis of Buildings as Total Structural Systems 99

SECTION 1 Space-Organizing Components as Major Structural Subsystems 99

SECTION 2 Overall Versus Local Issues of Total-System Analysis 101

SECTION 3 A Single-Story Open-Space Building Example 4-1 111

SECTION 4 A Two-Story Parking Garage Example 4-2 116

SECTION 5 A 12-Story Office Building Example 4-3 120

SECTION 6 A 15-Story Apartment Mega-Structure Example 4-4 124

5 Structural Loads and Responses 129

SECTION 1 Introduction 129

SECTION 2 Dead Loads 130

SECTION 3 Live Loads 134

SECTION 4 Wind Loads 139

SECTION 5 Earthquake Loads 143

SECTION 6 Internal and External Movements in Structures 148

SECTION 7 Response of Structures 149

SECTION 8 Building Codes， Structural Behavior and Strength 152

6 Overall Design of Horizontal Subsystems 157

SECTION 1 Introduction 157

SECTION 2 Overall Structural Behavior of Horizontal Subsystems 158

SECTION 3 Flat-Plate Subsystems 171

Example 6-1： Prestressed Concrete Flat Slab 172

SECTION 4 Slab-and-Beam Subsystems 176

Example 6-2A 180

Example 6-2B 181

SECTION 5 Joist and Girder Subsystems 183

Example 6-3 189

SECTION 6 Waffle Subsystems 191

Example 6-4： Waflle System 194

SECTION 7 Space Truss Systems 196

Example 6-5： Steel Space Truss System 199

7 Vertical Subsystems 203

SECTION 1 Introduction 203

SECTION 2 Wall Subsystems 205

Example 7-1： Design of a Shear Wall 212

Example 7-2： Design of a Trussed Shear Wall 214

SECTION 3 Shafts 215

Example 7-3： Design of a Tube Subsystem 218

SECTION 4 Rigid-Frame Subsystems Under Vertical Loads 221

SECTION 5 Rigid-Frame Subsystems Under Horizontal Loads 223

Portal Method 224

Cantilever Method 229

Example 7-4： Rigid Frame Analysis 230

SECTION 6 Approximate Lateral Deflections of Vertical Elements 232

Example 7-5： Transverse Deflection 236

8 Horizontal Linear Components 243

SECTION 1 Sectional Shapes and Proportions of Components 243

SECTION 2 Moment Diagrams 248

SECTION 3 Internal Resisting Couple 257

SECTION 4 Designing with Allowable and Ultimate Stresses 267

SECTION 5 Deflections 268

SECTION 6 Prestressing and Load Balanced PC Design 272

Example 8-1 275

Example 8-2 279

Example 8-3 280

SECTION 7 Horizontal Shear Flow in Beams 281

SECTION 8 Design Examples 283

Example 8-4 284

Example 8-5 286

Example 8-6 288

Conclusion 292

SECTION 9 Connections for Horizontal Components 292

SECTION 10 Trusses 299

9 Vertical Linear Components 307

SECTION 1 Ties， Hangers， and Tension Members 307

SECTION 2 Short Columns—Axially Loaded 310

Example 9-1： Column Design 313

SECTION 3 Long Columns 314

Example 9-2： Design of Slender Steel Columns 322

SECTION 4 Columns Under Bending—Steel 322

Example 9-3： Design of Steel Columns Under Bending 324

SECTION 5 Columns Under Bending—Concrete 326

Example 9-4： Design of Concrete Columns Under Bending 327

Example 9-5： Design of Concrete Columns with Large Moments 328

SECTION 6 Examples for Seismic Design of Columns 329

Example 9-6： Concrete Column 329

Example 9-7： Steel Column 331

10 High-Rise Buildings 335

SECTION 1 Introduction 335

SECTION 2 Shear-Wall Systems 339

Example 10-1 342

SECTION 3 Rigid-Frame Systems 344

Example 10-2： Design of Rigid-Frame Building 345

SECTION 4 Tubular Systems 346

Example 10-3： Design of a Round Tube Building 350

Example 10-4： Sears-Roebuck Building， Chicago 354

SECTION 5 Special Systems 355

SECTION 6 Floor Systems 365

SECTION 7 Deflections， Vibrations， and Strength 369

SECTION 8 Weight of Structural Materia！s 373

11 Arch， Suspension， and Shell Systems 377

SECTION 1 Introduction 377

SECTION 2 Arch Systems 378

Example 11-1： Design of an Arch 384

SECTION 3 Suspension Systems 385

Example 11-2： Design of a Suspension Subsystem 391

Example 11-3： Design of a Cable Stayed Roof Subsystem 391

SECTION 4 Folded-Plate and Cylindrical Shells 392

Example 11-4： Design of the Hippodromo Cantilevers 396

SECTION 5 Dome Shells 397

Example 11-5： The Jakarta Dome Ring Beam 408

SECTION 6 Dishes 409

Example 11-6： Design of a Dish 413

SECTION 7 Hyperbolic Paraboloid 414

Example 11-7： Design of an HP Roof 421

SECTION 8 Lightweight Tension Systems 424

12 Foundation Subsystems 429

SECTION 1 Introduction 429

SECTION 2 Line Footings and Mat Foundations 432

SECTION 3 Spread and Combined Column Footings 435

Example 12-1： Design of a Spread Column Footing 436

SECTION 4 Pile and Caisson Foundations 439

Example 12-2 441

SECTION 5 Retaining Walls and Coffer Dams 446

Example 12-3： Retaining Wall Design 447

13 Construction 455

SECTION 1 Introduction 455

SECTION 2 Steel Construction 456

SECTION 3 In-Place Concrete Construction 468

SECTION 4 Precast Concrete Construction 476

14 The Cost of Building Structures 487

SECTION 1 Introduction 487

SECTION 2 Percentage Estimates 489

SECTION 3 Square-Foot Estimating 491

SECTION 4 Volume-Based Estimates 493

SECTION 5 Some Generalizations about the Variables of Cost 496

SECTION 6 Economics of Long-Span Roof Systems 499

SELECTED REFERENCES 505

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